Well, I'm closer, but not all the way there apparently. I pulled the trailer out of storage to inspect the brakes, hubs, and bearings. It looks like the brakes do need to be replaced. I couldn't tell the shape of the bearings for sure, but the outer bearing on both sides show some minor heat stress, so I'm planning to replace the bearings as well.
I thought I took enough pictures and measurements to know what to order, but it looks like I missed at least one. My fault for not checking the dexter web site before putting everything back together.
The sticker on the axle is no longer legible, so no help there. The hubs have a 8-201 stamp, and from the brake parts, I can confirm they are a 12" x 2" size. However, I'm caught between two different sets of bearings and seal sizes, both on the dexter site and the trailmanor documentation. It's either a 2.125 or 2.25 seal set. Even thought the dexter size only shows a 2.25" seal (010-036-00) on the reference documents, there are two different replacement bearing kits with either size when you search for replacement bearings.
The outer bearing is either a (cone) LM67048 for a 5.2k axle or a 15123 for a 6k axle. Both bearings match the size of the bearing I looked at. I couldn't see any part numbers on the bearing I inspected.
Unless someone has another suggestion, I believe I'm going to have to pull the hubs off again to get the seal diameter to know what size of seals and bearings I'm dealing with.